Hmmm . . . MrToilet, what does that say about you????

j/k. . .
I suppose the jump could have killed your after head unit. It does indeed seem odd. You tried the fader, it lost its settings, but the fader adjust didn't fix it. Do you have an external amp? If so, check it first.
You need to dig deeper. Is there any chance your door passthrough wires shorted? Do you have an ohm meter? You could measure the front speakers continuity (disconnect from head unit). Should get 4, 6, or 8 ohms. If this is true, they should play.
Also a quick test is to take a near depleted 9v battery and connect it across the SPEAKER LEADS. Not the head unit leads. Do this at your own risk, but you should see and hear the speaker cone move out (+ to +, - to -). Just quick tap and release. I've never killed a speaker doing this, but others may shake their head.
Or connect rear speaker outputs to front speakers. Do they come on. If so, the head unit is trashed or has a bad connection.
Connect the front speakers to the rear H/U outputs. If it doesn't sound. Turn it off before you kill the h/u.