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Is it bad to idle it in really hot weather, with the AC on? Does the engine have to work harder? For how long is it safe to idle it?
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WARNING LONG POST FOLLOWS
Idling is not good for the engine. Anymore than overrevving. But of course it is something we all have to do in our cars!!! but your question is how much is too much and is there anything i can do to help the engine. So yeah i have an answer for you but its long.
Allow me to explain what happens in the engine at idle to the mechanical parts, since many seem curious about this -
Item 1, Idling is tough on the valve train, especially the camshaft. At idle the cam lobes are fighting the entire tension of the valve springs. But At higway speed, there is more mechanical inertia goin on in there and this makes a (normal condition called "valve float". Bottom line is that at highway speeds the cam has a much lighter load imposed on it. And another reason why highway driven engines give much more mileage on the odomoter before they need overhaulin.
2. More blowby from combustion process at idle. The engine vacuum is at its very highest, this means more PCV gases forming in the plenum cause they are not being burned as fast, and air intake parts like the infamous TBI and IAC to get gummed up alot faster. Engine oil gets dirtier faster too for this and other similar reasons caused by idling.
3. Gasoline engines are not really designed for steady rpm that doesnt change for hours. Deisel engines ar made for this, gasoline ditto are not. The Cam engine will do it but there might be a durability penalty at 180K, or thereabouts when it needs engine work. So vary the idle speed!
4. Cooling! Notice when you take it in for Smog the guy puts the giant fan in front of the engine to blow air through the radiator while he tests the engine? At idling theres no air going through the radiator, which of course might increase chance of overheating. And thats the last thing you want of course.
So ultimately, what can you do, if i were in your unusual situation here's what i would try, some unusual solutions!
-Use Mobil 1 oil, it is your single best bet to minimize engine wear.
-Run the heater if you can (my guess is you cant though), it helps get rid of some of the heat.
-Vary your idle speed sometimes (with your right foot not settings), this will help circulate the oil faster.
-When your hot weather driving is done and you are about to shut off the engine, wait for a minute. Put car in park and fast rev the engine for a minute or two before shutting it off. This helps the engine to cool off just a little by circulating water through the engine and evening out the temperatures.