I work along with The Rail & fuel Commission of Texas on a daily basis....I had to take a course on this type of stuff called "Vapor Recovery Stage II Training"...
Its called vapor recovery. Its kind of like what Zoni said but its actually pressurized fuel vapors that is released into the atmosphere that contaminates the air......Each and every fuel station has their pumps EPA certified (and TRC certified in Texas but depends on state) to capture the vapors every time you fuel up.......The vapors are then taken from your vehicle, and then stored in the stations underground tanks......Vapors are then loaded onto fuel tanker trucks at the same time it dumps its load to the station (kinda like a balacing act of vapors:fuel dump)...Vapors are then taken to the refinery and properly disposed or recycled........Also its not only EFI emmissions cars that do that its anything......Take for instance a fuel can. Fill it up, close it tight, leave it a day, then open it up, and "swoosh" its the same deal.......No EFI involved there.