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No. All cars before 1990 are on R12. Between 1990 and 1994 manufacturers started to switch to R134 but it only became compulsory in 1994. Toyota only did it in 1994. Saab for instance started with R134 straight away in 1990. What you're talking about is a "retrofit" from R12 to r134, this can be easily done with a "retrofit kit".
As for your problem it definitely looks like an electrical problem.
You may have a bad Idle Air Control motor. It acts like a choke when the engine is cold and boosts the idle, it also boosts the idle when the a/c is on. It might also be a bad a/c amplifier (kind of "computer" located just besides your ecu, behind glove box). Last possibility : you have a bad connection : check all your a/c plugs, especially the ones near the receiver dryer, compressor, and the ones going to your fans, you can also spray them with some wd40.
I hope this helps
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Nico
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