Let's see... So, the change is from 215/45R17 to 215/50R17.
If I take 205/65R15 as stock setup (at least for my '92 3vz-fe), 215/45R17 is 3.4% smaller in diameter than stock, and 215/50R17 is only 0.1% smaller than stock (
http://www.miata.net/garage/tirecalc.html). So you better be with 215/50R17.
Regarding the gas mileage, my best bet is your odometer error due to the different tire size. Since 215/45R17 is 3.4% smaller than stock, it will give you more mile reading. For example, if you drive 100 miles, your odometer will say you drove 103.4 miles... So, 3.4% of 500 miles are 17 miles.
The rest 43 miles may come from
a) better torque from smaller tire
b) or, you need tune up soon....