Well, I would not expect Euro spec Corolla in the states either, what I meant to say was that the 7th gen has the possibility to be equipped with a cabin filter. I don't know the exact differences on the 7th gen between various regions of the world. Having said that, I sort of doubt that Toyota would fit different ducts on cars w/o the cabin filter, given that the duct that has the filter can be installed both with and without it. After seeing the filter I would be surprised why Toyota would skip it and allow all the dirt to end up in the heater core, which is by far more difficult to remove and clean than replacing the filter.
If you cannot find the filter in your car, perhaps the previous owner just took it out when it got clogged and never bothered to replace it.
Otherwise a Toyots dealer should know whether or not the 7th gen in America was equipped with a cabin filter. It may depend on the trim as well, like CE/DX and whatever they are.
Either way, to know for sure, just take out the glove-box and have a look