The longevity on brake pads will depend on the quality and type. If they were OEM pads that came with the car (i.e., never been changed) than 15,000 miles doesn't seem right, the pads should have lasted longer then that. But then again if your a heavy braking type person its possible the pads won't last as long.
Edit to add: My dealer claimed the OEM pads last between 30,000 to 35,000 miles.
You will have to remove the tire to get to the pads that are on the tire side in addition to the pads on the caliper piston side. Its much easier to remove the tire, pull out one bolt and swing up the caliper and replace the pads. More specific brake replacement directions are below in a link.
Look in the car's manual for the proper jack point. For my car it was about a foot behind the front wheel there was a dimple (or what ever you call it) in the metal flange which is where you put the jack on my 05 Corolla.
My OEM pads on an 05 Corolla went out at about 43,000 miles (last month). Dealer wanted $490 to replace both pads and rotors. Had Pepboys inspect the brakes (they had a
free brake inspection through 3/31/11) and they said pads where gone but rotors were within spec. They wanted $210 to replace pads and turn the rotors (their Silver level of service).
Decided to replace the pads myself and it cost under $80 to do so. While you should have a car stand it is possible to just use the car's jack to replace the pads. Its what I did but if you choose to do so you assume any and all risks.
I started off buying some
Wagner ThermoQuiet Ceramic Brake Pads QC923 from Advanced Auto Parts (set of four pads in box, two for each wheel), a can of Brake Cleaner, and a small packet of brake grease for under $80. And there is a
$15 mail in rebate (through 5/31/2011) on the Wagner ThermoQuiet Brake Pads too. I then followed the directions from this link
Toyota Corolla Front Brake Pads Replacement Guide, and it was pretty easy to do. Took about 30 minutes to do both front brakes. I've put a couple of hundred miles on the car since putting the in the brake pads, and have had no problems.
When you do the brakes yourself or have the pro's do it, remember to "
bed-in" the brakes to help maximize braking performance.
Edit to add: The picture below shows (I think) the front jack point. See the green circle.