This advice is all very general and a bit rambley. I hope you find some of it helpful.
You might find this tire size calculator useful for comparing tires:
http://www.miata.net/garage/tirecalc.html
Also remember that circumference = pi*Diameter (linear) so for every percent you increase/decrease diameter you are increasing/decreasing distance per tire revolution by a percent. You can use this to help determine how a tire size change will influence your speed in each gear relative to RPMs.
I don't have a 5 speed so my advice will be a bit vague here: Whenever your RPMs at high interstate speeds are not a concern, gearing down (weather it be through gears or tires) will improve performance. Since you're mostly talking about hills and twisties, decreasing diameter slightly might be what you want. My experience has been that for slight changes in tire diameter (all else constant) gas mileage stays the same. Increases in tire width very rapidly decreases gas mileage.
Snow performance is a big point of contention, but often people can agree on the following: if you're on thinly snow covered roads a narrower (not overly wide) tire is better. If we're talking a snowy tundra, the wider the tire the better. Off road of course you'd like wider.
Finally, a 10 ply tire may last longer, will have stiffer sidewalls, a rougher ride, and be harder to balance. a fewer ply tire may not last as long, but is generally fine if you're not doing heavy hauling. Personally, the last pair of ten ply tires I had (BF goody all terrain TAs) were nothing but trouble. They were impossible to balance, very expensive, and didn't last longer than a much cheaper tire. They sure looked nice though...