Hey Dr, are you there?
I asked about tools and knowledge base??
Little base knowledge start..... see the shinny parts of the Thermo Bolts.... shows it was stretched and over torqued. Always try and get the torque values of the engine you are working on.... Heads, Thermostat, Rods, Mains, these things have a torque process of sequence and torque value. I also have a gen guide of torque values for SAE bolts in different grades w/ dry and lube. When I work on steel & aluminum mix of fasteners.... I will always use zinc antiseize to keep galvanic corrosion at bay so the next time will come apart. Just the way I do it and I keep my cars for a long time and see my classic cars staying around for a long time.
Tools & Knowledge....
Did not want you to buy or borrow tools if you do not know how to use. Also if you damage the area more it may need to come off the engine to fix by a shop?? Who knows and did not want to throw guesses.
The area of Thermo Housing is not easy to reach... and lots of wires and such that can get damaged. When I was first learning to weld... wanted to put a axle and wheels on a pressure washer.... I tried to keep the weld splatter from damaging the paint. Did not have a weld blanked but used the best I had.... it caught fire, there was damage, and scared the crap out of me as I put out the fire. I also want to keep as much of the stud whole so there is something " to work with". I do not want depree and metal shavings in the thermo housing hole.... it could take out the water pump. Always good to keep stuff clean and take steps so the work can be done in the future again.
I am going to guess your hands are full.... possible repair?
Tap on the threaded stud with a small hammer LIGHTLY. Tap into the hole, then up/down, then left/right. This is to loosen up the bolt & aluminum threads. It appears to be, guess, it was over torqued. This will loosen the forced metal bond with steel and aluminum hole. Can put a small amount of penetrate oil and let sit for a bit. Come back in hr ?and tape with small hammer LIGHTLY again. Drop or two of penetrate again. Here are two paths. Even this small amount of oil can make welding a nut on top more difficult to stick.
IF you have room... these small vise grips have saved me a few times in small spaces. IF you can get on the threaded bolt at a right angle. Can work back and forth till the threads loosen up again. Try and get very close the base of threads. Try to set the tightness on the snaped off bolt. Get ONE shot at this if it slides off then stop. If you can get a good bite this may work. Can use propane torch to heat the hole, it expands the hole, lessens surface bonds, and can help in the threaded stud removal.
Great little tool to have... can put rubber hose over the "grip area" and use to close off fuel lines and other hose.
Dremel tool.....
Harbor Freight has small diameter diamond wheels..... they cut just about anything. The diamond grit wheels are about 1/2 - 3/4 in diameter and very thin, would guess .020 to .025". CAREFULLY put a slot in the snaped off threaded bolt. The idea is get a slot into the solid part of threads and keep the metal removal and damage at min. This will allow you to remove with a full width thin blade screw driver. May need to thin down the screw driver with a file to fit better. Machinist and gun screw drivers often have non taper to them for example. Again... small movements tight, loosen, tight loosen, and see if this starts to move. Cutting the slot will also heat up the fastener. Can use propane torch to heat the hole, it expands the hole, lessens surface bonds, and can help in the threaded stud removal.
Both of these are SMALL FORCES and small tighten, loosen, tighten, loosen, to see if moves. Need to leave as much of the snapped off threaded fastener as possible. If does not come out..... will need more assist most likely.
For other options the top of snapped threaded fastener would need to be ground flat. True for drill out so you can fish out the bolt threads out of hole, or a hole so a reverse drill bit or easy out can be attempted. Once the hardened device is used.... heating the hole with a propane torch would be recommended also to make the hole bigger. These like to snap off in the small sizes and leave a hardened slug in the bolt..... This has happened to me a few times with the china junk extractors purchased when I was very young.
Stuff a rag into the Thermo Hole to keep out debree. Could also tape off with masking tape.
If you get to this point.... may need the help of a shop
Welding a nut does work... it also has a lot of splatter. Splatter can do a lot of damage.
Oil can keep weld from sticking... very small OD fastener, often just like to twist off...
Part of this repair/removal is the heat & cool of the metals to break the bond.
Small projects can grow like this one...
Just do not want to have another project growth spurt.
Do you have a update?