The bushings don't look like the original. There's no cracking or deterioration. If you can reconnect the lower control arm with new bolt I'd do that. Then watch the result.

 

I had no idea the control arm could move that much… man… makes me wonder if it’s possible to replace those bushings in situ…

 

If you don't know, why comment...
If you want to replace the bushing, you need to replace the lower control arm which includes the bushing.

 

I would check the other bushing for damage and make sure the strut didn’t get bent from the additional stress.

 

Is this a screw that serves any purpose?

 

Looks like the shop last worked on it did a poor job. OP can order new bolt and nut from the local dealer and install them. A shop should check the front bushing too.

Yeah the bushing looked newer than the arm.

 

The marking on the subframe is a clear indication someone was there recently. Fresh scratches.

The bushing was replaced but it appears like it’s in the wrong orientation as well.

My guess is someone didn’t torque the bolt and nut so it rattled loose eventually. I’m surprised you didn’t hear clunking beforehand.

 

considering you have a maybe 22 y/o vehicle with 280k I would just put a new bolt in and see how it drives. Just a guess that whoever replaced the arm didn't tighten or put the nut back on, also check all other bolts related to this repair.