Unless I missed it, I don’t know if you have the four cylinder or six cylinder engine. If your 2003 has the 2.4L I4 it uses a timing chain, however if you have the 3.0L V-6 engine, it uses a traditional timing belt which is subject to periodic maintenance (replacement). So if you do have the V-6 3.0L it would now be due for replacement.
As far as damage if the timing belt/chain breaks, the rule of thumb for Toyotas is simple: for I4s and V6s, belts are NON interference, and chains ARE interference. Interference engines can destroy themselves if the timing chain breaks as the valve train can run into the pistons and take your engine out.