In most states in the US that have emissions inspections, you can't have an illuminated CEL and they check to see if the bulb is burnt out. Some, not all states, also execute a visual inspection of the car to make sure the emission controls have not been changed or tampered with.
In my state, there are some counties that don't run emission inspections anymore (more rural counties) and others that do all of the above. I lived in NJ in HS and the way you had to get around the emission check was very involved.