I generally like Clark Howard, but a fair amount of the info is incorrect.
Fuel pump - accurate.
Fuel Filter - fairly inaccurate. This used to be true on older engines with a gravity feed to a mechanical fuel pump. Even then, the theory was if you keep more gas in the tank, the "dirt" is circulating and won't get sucked through the lines to the mechanical pump and fuel filter. With a modern engine, the pickup has to be in the bottom of the tank and the pump sucks the fuel up from there. If you have dirt in the bottom of the tank, the concentration of dirt is higher with less fuel, but in theory if you suck up dirt, it will drop back down when you turn the engine off and be diluted the next time you fill up.
Air Bags - Complete FUD. First off, if you run out of gas the engine sputters and stops running and all the dash lights come on. The car does not lock up the brakes and come to a screeching halt in the middle of the interstate. Often the car will sputter before it dies and might be able to re-start. At worst, you should be able to shift to neutral, activate the hazards and coast to the shoulder. And the ignition switch is still turned on so the airbags should work just fine.
its actually not recommended to run close to empty repeatedly as is also recommended to not top off beyond the shutoff when fueling up.
the running low I get because of contaminates in fuel you dont want to get into the filter that would otherwise sink to the bottom of the tank. but the overfill reasoning im not completely sold on.
I understand the logic of not topping off ... As you top off, the excess fuel goes into the overflow hoses and ends up filling up the charcoal canister or fouling the vapor control valve. From the forum posts, Toyota's seem to be fairly prone to this. That said, I did that for the first 120K or so miles with my Focus before I learned about this. No major issues, but the car does occasionally have a pending DTC of P0456 - P0456 - EVAP Control System Leak Detected Very Small Leak and that is quite likely why.
Things that I don't like with all the systems on all the cars:
- There is some reserve capacity in the tank, but this is never published. For example - let's say the tank capacity is 18 gallons. That will be posted in the owners manual. But they can't put the fuel pick-up in the very bottom of the tank so that 17 gallons and 127 ounces run through the tank. So when the tank runs out, there is still 0.5 or 0.3 gallons in the tank and the USEABLE tank capacity is 17.7 or 17.5 gallons, but this number is never published.
- Generally, I don't like safety factors. Don't tell me there is 0-miles to empty when I can still drive another 30 miles. Don't let the fuel gauge go BELOW the E-line and the car still be running. If I am dumb enough to drive the car until it says 4 miles to empty and not add gas and I run it out of gas, I deserve to be stranded.