I found this article below which states exactly how the (AFM) Air Flow Meter and the (ECU) Engine Control Unit or also know as (ECM) Engine Control Module work together. This is a little too deep for me. I hope someone out there understands this theory of operation. And can diagnose what is going on with my ignition system. You will have to read the previous postings to get a good idea of what is currently happening. Two problems are: I'm not getting voltage to the blue fuel pump wire from the COR relay location running to the fuel pump. Also, I'm not getting a ground reading from and to the same location. Hope this helps. Thank you for your support, Tommy.
Theory of Operation:
So, how exactly does the AFM work? It is basically an input sensor to the ECU (Engine Control Unit). In the schematic diagram below, you can see how the ECU and AFM are connected. Basically the ECU receives the B+ battery voltage(about 14 volts with the engine running) from the Main Relay. It passes this voltage on to the AFM via the
VB terminal. The voltage at the
VC terminal is used by the ECU as a refererence voltage (it should be around 12 volts) and that voltage is basically the highest voltage that it would see from the air flow part of the sensor. And it is the air flow that is sensed as a voltage on the
VS terminal. As you can see in the voltage graph in the lower left corner, the
VS voltage runs from around 0 volts up to around 12 volts depending on the air flowing through the AFM.
It is actually quite a simple circuit, as you just have the ECU's internal resistor (R) and the
VB to
VC resistance (R1) and finally the
VC to
E2 resistance (R2) in series between B+ and ground, so there is just a constant current flowing through those 3 resistors (I = V/(R + R1 + R2) ). And the
VS terminal just pulls off some portion of the voltage across R2 to send back to the ECU.
The two final portions of the AFM are the intake air temperature sensor
THA and the fuel pump contacts
FC and
E1. The
THA circuit is just a temperature sensitive resistor in series with a fixed resistor (R) inside the ECU and the ECU "sees" the voltage across
THA to ground and uses this to determine the temperature of the intake air, which affects its density. And since the density of the air affects how far the AFM sensing vane is pushed open for a given volume of air passing through it, the ECU needs to know both the temperature and the volume or air in order to estimate the mass (or weight) of air (or oxygen) coming into the engine. And finally, the
FC and
E1 contacts, which you will note do not connect to the ECU, are used to keep the
Circuit Opening Relay energized which in turn keeps the fuel pump running as long as air is passing through the AFM. So this is a safety feature or sorts. If the engine stops, say in a traffic accident, the fuel pump is shut off to minimize the chance of high pressure fuel leaks and fire. Also, if you were to run out of gas, the engine would of course stop and thus the fuel pump would also be stopped and this can help prevent damage to the pump as it is both cooled and lubricated by the fuel it is pumping. If the pump were to keep running, it would likely be damaged in short order. Note, the schematic diagram below is somewhat generic in that the exact connections to the ECU may not match any given wiring diagram. So you should go by the FSM wiring diagram for your specific vehicle for exact connections.